Mechanism of Politics

by Lee, Chang Hoo

   

Chapter 1. Basic Principles of Political Phenomena


A. General Principles of Political Phenomena

 

(2) Three Aspects of Survival Directivity

 

a. Three aspects of survival directivity

The survival process theory states that the fundamental attribute of human beings is survival directivity. In political and social situations, this is expressed through three attributes: ¨± survival struggle, ¨² survival egoism, and ¨³ survival expansion, as follows:

First of all, the process of survival is a process of survival struggle. Survival directivity can be said to be an activity that eliminates threats to survival, and the elimination of these threats is the essence of struggle. Therefore, political phenomena that are constituted by the process of survival are fundamentally a process of struggle.

Therefore, wherever you look in the political phenomenon that arises in the survival process, you can find a struggle for survival. The establishment of the Bank of England in 1694 was originally for the purpose of controlling the tax system by nobles, so that the king of England could not access it. The Workingmen's Party of California, established in 1878, mainly based on anti-Chinese sentiment among whites, gained significant political power in California. These are all aspects of the struggle for survival of the king of England and the nobles, and the struggle for survival between whites and Chinese.

The important aspect of international politics, military arms competition, directly shows the survival struggle of political actors. The military arms competition between Britain and France in the 19th and 20th centuries, achieved through the development of the militaryindustrial complex, is a typical process of survival struggle between nations. During this time, France inflated with the hope of overtaking Britain's naval supremacy, developed military technology and Britain, worrying that France would invade across the Dover Strait, expanded its military.

Recently, the collapse of the Cold War system has also brought hope and expectations for peace to the international community. However, in reality, most of the major countries in Northeast Asia continue to maintain a clear trend of military expansion, even though the Cold War has ended. Although there are occasionally exceptional cases, military competition that directly shows survival struggles is consistently seen in political phenomena. Military cooperation between India and the United States has led to the testing of intercontinental ballistic missiles (ICBMs) that can strike China and the deployment of supersonic cruise missiles in border areas, and China is enhancing its military at a remarkable rate compared to other countries.

Secondly, the survival that the survival process theory concerns refers to that of the individual person or of each group. This does not mean they struggle for the survival of all together (i.e., coexistence) in the phenomenon. Instead, it means that they behave for the sake of their own selfish survival only, in the dimension of each individual or each group. These behaviors compose the political phenomenon. Therefore, the survivals of many individuals in a phenomenon are more often antagonistic than cooperative.

As the end of World War II approached, the emergence of nuclear weapons led humanity to the brink of an apocalypse, but the powerful nations that possess enough nuclear weapons to destroy the earth several times over have no intention of giving up their nuclear hegemony. Why? Because of the survival egoism. Why? Because of the survival instinct. It's not the survival of the planet that's important, but the survival of oneself.

Thirdly, survival struggle leads to survival expansion. Survival expansion means that individuals or groups who are struggling for their survival will often try to maximize their own gain. The winner of the struggle can take the resources of the defeated, thus expanding their own opportunities for survival.

The military competition and struggles for taxation power between the British king and nobles that were examined earlier all arise from the process of not only obtaining the minimum benefits for their own survival, but also constantly increasing those benefits. The competition between oil-producing countries and the shale gas industry that led to a rapid drop in global oil prices in 2015 was also the result of a choice to increase their own benefit. Furthermore, efforts to expand their own benefits continued even among oil-producing countries. If any of the competitors stop trying to increase their own benefits, they can exit the survival struggle, but the possibility of survival will be reduced to at least some degree.

<Every footnote was deleted from the book>



 

 

 

 

 

 

 

q
<Á¤Ä¡ ¸ÞÅÍ´ÏÁò>

 

 

 

 

 

 

  °øÁö »çÇ×
  Á¦°¡ Àι®ÇÐ °ø°³ °­Á¸¦ ÇÏ°Ô µÇ¾ú½À´Ï´Ù.^^
  ȨÇÇÀÇ °Ô½ÃÆǵéÀ» Á¤¸®ÇÕ´Ï´Ù.
  ÀÌ°Ç, °øÁö»çÇ×À̶ó±âº¸´Ù´Â ¼±ÀüÀε¥...^^
  Âü°íº¸µµÀÚ·á
  À¯¸íȯ Àå°ü µþ ƯäÆĹ® Àü¸ð
  ¾Æ¶ø¾î´Â ¸øÇÏ´Â ¾Æ¶øÁö¿ª ±Ù¹« ¿Ü±³ºÎ ...
  °­¼ºÁÖ ´ë»ç ¸·¸»¿¡ ³×ƼÁð »Ô³µ´Ù
  ¾ÆÀÌƼ ±¹¹Î °ª, ºÏÇÑ ±¹¹Î °ª
  ¿ìÅ©¶óÀ̳ª, ´Ù½Ã ·¯½Ã¾Æ Ç°À¸·Î?
  ¾ï¿ïÇϸé ÀÎÅͳݿ¡ È£¼ÒÇ϶ó´Â ¿Ü±³ºÎ
   

 

 

 

 

 


ÀÌ È¨ÆäÀÌÁöÀÇ ¸ðµç ³»¿ë¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÀúÀÛ±ÇÀº Æıúºñ¿¡°Ô ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, °¢ °Ô½ÃÆÇÀÇ ³»¿ë¹°¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÀúÀÛ±ÇÀº °¢ ÀúÀÚ¿¡°Ô ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.