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A Theory of Political Phenomena.1 : Analysis of Existence Condition(1)
Written by : Lee.Changhoo
Summary : Three fundamental factors will be explained here, which determine every change and is made of political phenomena : Pungbaek(military or physical force), Woosa(economic force) and Unsa(Idealogical force)
Pungbaek factor(military or physical force) : This foctor influence and determines the changes directly and instantly in the short-term perspective and narrow area of political phenomena.
Woosa factor(the power of money) : This influences and determines the changes continuously in the middle-term perspective and middle area of political phenomena.
nsa factor(the power of spiritual value) : this changes and determines phenomena most indirectly and usually in Long-term area and period.
Each of These factors is related respectively to the danger from inside, outside and itself of man. All of political phenomena can be understood as veriety of superstructure generated from the whole process where men keep their livings and expand activities.
1. Content of this chapter
My theory here begins from the analysis of man's existence. It's because every social and political phenomenon, and even every phenomenon concerned with man can be understod constructively based on man's existence as far as they concern man. In addition to that, it is also because all of those man's activities result from intentional actions of man who pursues his existence. When I say "man" here, I refer to the individual man, particularly typical man as average synthsized of all individual man who acts in social phenomenon.
There must be somewhat relations between macro perspective -and micro perspective, too- social phenomenon and man's behavior or problem, but both are different in their quality. Then, how can it be justified that I take analysis of individual's existence condition as my startpoint to begin understanding social phenomena gengeral? Can this methodology be right although both of them are related ontologically? What I can say about this matter is that social phenomenon is emergent like those in chaos theory or in artificial intelligence.
Behaviors and actions of individual could be analyzed properly rather in psychological point of view and some aspects of them which have political meaning would be shortly limited and simple. However, the political phenomenon constructed with those simple actions is quite much complicated, various and subtle. I think it possible to explain how one is based on the other despite of their differences in quality only refering to the emergency, which meansthat interactions and interrelations of simple things result in rather complicated and various phenomena as whole. I think this kind of explanation can be proper. This concept of "emergency" was, as far as I know, developed in the study of artificial life in order to explain the fact each cell that has only simple stimulus-response reaction based on simple calculation can be combined with anothers into very complex and unique phenomenaon that can not be imagined in the simple quality of each element.
This concept of emergency can be very useful in the investigation of politics. Many scholars have talked so far about the will of group or the substance of power in their theories, which resulted in much criticism against them. Regardless of criticisms given by now we can question ; Is the will of group a virtual entity or not? Does it have a ontological foundation? Can we not say that society is not an organic body however similar it may look in various behoviors and modes? The concept of emergency answers these questions with logical power : there is not such a phisical substance like the will of society and society itself is not an organic body, all of which everone will accept in his intuition. However we can also understand why it is meaningful and explanable to talk about such a concept of group will or will of society at the same time.
Thus my theory will explain the next three facts in the analysis of man's existence
condition : <1> How man's existence condition is politically related to significant aspects
of social phenomenon and the three main factors of Pungbaek, Woosa and Unsa. <2>
How the three main factors are combined with the individual particular conditions into
the emergent variety of social and political phenomena including the state and any other
political bodies. <3> How political phenomenon is determined by these variables and
factors.
We can define the problem of economics distinctively : to determine what, how and how
much to produse. Then we can define the problem of politics in the same way. It is to
determine what kind of order we should make and for what and how to make such order.
Someone express this as matters of production and distribution of power.
2. Three kinds of threats on man's existence and three factors
of man's activities.
Threats on man's existence comes from three directions(Sketch 1-8/2). First, frome the outside of man, secondly from the inside of man and thirdly from man himself.
<"Sketch 1-8/2" means followings : 'Sketch' refers to the book I wrote in 1990. This book explains systematical relations of almost social factors in phenomenon. The whole name of this book is "Sketch of Existence". '1-8/2 is the number of propostion sets in that book. If you have read "Tractatus Logico Philosophicus" written by Wittgenstein, you will imagine easily what this number would mean.>
Threats from outside of man mean the factors threatening that come from the surroundings of man, determined independently on him(Sketch 1-8/21). A tiger in jungle trying to kill and eat man, every dangers created in an earthquake, a flood, a sudden breakdown of a bridge or a building, the enemy who watches for a chance to kill us, these are all the threat on man's existence from the outside.
Threats from inside of man refer to threats created in the organic process of man's body(Sketch 1-8/22). Even if we don't stimulate or add any other kind of change to them. Those threats naturally appears as time passes on. For example, everyone cannot avoid hunger at last however much they have eaten and saved nutritions in his body, and everyone is doomed to death and much would die earlier than the others because of their disease. What comes back fast and often will be hunger.
It's the pronoun of those threats to existence from inside of man.
Threats from man himself refer to them which appear as man wants die or allow his death for himself. These are the threats from, the will of man itself(Sketch 1-8/23). I can take for example some kinds of mental disease, loss of volitions., loss of values, and the skepticism on life. These troubles make man passive and let man forgive each tries and sometimes cause that extreme result, 'suicide'. Among them, that trouble with significant social implication would be the problem of social values.
In fact, almost theories of social sciences ignore the last kind of threats, those from man himself but we can neither understand the whole social phenomena nor picture the cohesive causations among every changes and the whole structure of man's history and culture at all without them. And we don't understand the political facts without considering that third threat : The Catholic have had comprehensive influences on Western history and culture in general just as the Confucianism have had on the macro=perspective influences on East Asia's political behavior ; The suicide rate in lower in underdeveloped country rather then in advanced country which have good social security institution. Most of them above look uncommon and seem to be difficult to understand at a glace, without considering the last factor.
Those three kinds of threats to man's existence can be mapped each by each to the basic
fields of man's activity, each of which constructs the whole social phenomena.
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